Alloy: a substance that has metallic properties and is composed of two or more elements at least one of which is a metal.

Alloying element: an element added to a metal that effects changes in structure and properties

Dezincification: the condition resulting from the removal of zinc.

Ion implantation: a process using beams of ions of carbon, nitrogen and other elements which are fired into metals in a vacuum chamber in order to produce a thin layer of alloy on the metal surface.

Malleable: process used to change the shape or form of metals or alloys

Metallurgy: the study of the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their intermetallic compounds and alloy mixtures.

Powder metallurgy: process where alloys are mixed in powder form and heated into a solid, homogeneous alloy.

C83450 (aka Oshalloy): leaded red brass cast alloy comprised mainly of copper, tin, lead, and zinc, used in a variety of applications, including low-pressure valve bodies, water pump parts, electrical hardware, boat hardware, plumbing and pipe fittings, and iron waterworks valve trim.

C83600 (aka 85-5-5-5, Ingot #115): leaded red brass cast alloy comprised mainly of copper, tin, lead, and zinc, used in a variety of applications, including ornamental fixtures, pump components, small gears, water pump impellers and housings, marine fittings, flanges, low pressure valve and fittings, pipe fittings, and plumbing fixtures.

C83800 (aka 83-4-6-7, Ingot #120): leaded red brass cast alloy comprised mainly of copper, tin, lead, and zinc, used in a variety of applications, including hardware, pump fixtures, air-gas-water fittings, low pressure valves and fittings, plumbing fixtures, and railroad catenary fittings.

C84400 (aka 81-3-7-9, Ingot #123): leaded semi red brass cast alloy comprised mainly of copper, tin, lead, and zinc, used in a variety of applications, including ornamental fixtures, general hardware, low pressure valves and fittings, and plumbing fixtures. This is the most popular general purpose plumbing and hardware alloy in the United States.

C84500 (aka 78-3-7-12, Ingot #125): leaded semi red brass cast alloy comprised mainly of copper, tin, lead, and zinc, used in a variety of applications, including general hardware fittings, air and gas fittings, cocks, faucets, low pressure valves and fittings, and plumbing fixtures.

C84800 (aka Ingot #130): leaded semi red brass cast alloy comprised mainly of copper, tin, lead, and zinc, used in a variety of applications, including general hardware fittings, air and gas fittings, cocks, faucets, low pressure valves and fittings, and plumbing fixtures.

C85200 (aka Ingot #400): leaded yellow brass cast alloy comprised mainly of copper, tin, lead, and zinc, used in a variety of applications, including andirons, chandeliers, ornamental castings, hardware, ferrules, plumbing fittings and fixtures, and valves.

C85400 (aka 67-1-3-29, Ingot #403): leaded yellow brass cast alloy comprised mainly of copper, tin, lead, and zinc, used in a variety of applications, including furniture hardware, ornamental castings, battery clamps, ship trimmings, gas cocks, valves and fittings, and radiator fittings.

C85700 (aka 61-1-1-36, Ingot #405.2): leaded yellow brass cast alloy comprised mainly of copper, tin, lead, and zinc, used in a variety of applications, including bushings, ornamental castings, hardware fittings, and ship trim.

C86200 (aka Ingot #423): high tensile manganese bronze cast alloy comprised mainly of copper, zinc, iron, aluminum, and manganese, used in a variety of applications, including bearings and bushings, gears, marine castings, marine racing propellers, and gun mounts.

C86300 (aka Ingot #424): high tensile manganese bronze cast alloy comprised mainly of copper, zinc, iron, aluminum, and manganese, used in a variety of applications, including slow speed heavy duty load bearings, bridge turntable and wear hardware, screwdown nuts, gears, gibs and cams, hydraulic cylinder parts, and large valve stems. This is an extra heavy duty high strength alloy.

C86400 (aka Ingot #420): low tensile manganese bronze cast alloy comprised mainly of copper, tin, lead, zinc, iron, aluminum, and manganese, used in a variety of applications, including brackets, free machine components, lever arms, light duty gears, marine fittings, and valve stems.

C86500 (aka Ingot #421): low tensile manganese bronze cast alloy comprised mainly of copper, tin, lead, zinc, iron, aluminum, and manganese, used in a variety of applications, including machinery parts requiring strength and toughness, brackets, gears, lever arms, salt and fresh water propellers, and valve stems.

C86700 (aka Ingot #422): low tensile manganese bronze cast alloy comprised mainly of copper, tin, lead, zinc, iron, aluminum, and manganese, used in a variety of applications, including high strength free machining valve stems, marine fittings, and marine propellers.

C87300 (aka Everdur, Ingot #500A): silicon bronze cast alloy comprised mainly of copper, zinc, and silicon, used in a variety of applications, including bearings, bells, impellers, marine fittings, pump parts, statuary.

C87500 (aka 82-14-4, Ingot #500C): silicon brass cast alloy comprised mainly of copper, zinc, and silicon, used in a variety of applications, including bearings, gears, impellers, small boat propellers, valve stems, and rocker arms.

C87600 (aka Ingot #500D): silicon bronze cast alloy comprised mainly of copper, zinc, and silicon, used in a variety of applications, including valve stems, bearings, bells, impellers, marine fittings, pump parts, statuary.

C87600 (aka Ingot #500E): silicon bronze cast alloy comprised mainly of copper, zinc, and silicon, used in a variety of applications, including valve stems, pump components, statuary, and decorative pieces.

C90300 (aka Navy G, 88-8-0-4, Ingot #225): tin bronze cast alloy used in a variety of applications, including bearings and bushings, seal rings, gears, piston rings, pump impellers, steam fittings, valve components.

C90500 (aka High Grade, 88-10-0-2, Ingot #210): tin bronze cast alloy used in a variety of applications, including bearings and bushings, nuts, seal rings, worm gears, bridge parts and expansion bearings, gears, piston rings, pump impellers, steam fittings, valve components.

C90700 (aka High Grade, 89-11-0-0, Ingot #205): tin bronze cast alloy used in a variety of applications, including bearings and bushings, gears, worm wheels.

C91100 (aka High Grade, 86-14): tin bronze cast alloy used in a variety of applications, including bearings and bushings, bridge plates in contact with hardened steel discs, piston rings.

C91300 (aka High Grade, 81-19, Ingot #194): tin bronze cast alloy used in a variety of applications, including bearings and bushings, bells, bridge plates in contact with hardened steel discs, piston rings.

C91600 (aka High Grade, 88-10-0-0-2, Ingot #205N): tin bronze cast alloy used in a variety of applications, including gears.

C91700 (aka High Grade, 86-12-0-0-2): tin bronze cast alloy used in a variety of applications, including bearings, gears, worm wheels.

C92200 (aka Navy M, Ingot #245): leaded tin bronze cast alloy used in a variety of applications, including bearings and bushing, gears, fittings, valves. It is the free cutting version of tin bronze, used in pressure parts and parts for hydraulic and steam applications.

C92500 (aka Ingot #200N): leaded tin bronze cast alloy used in a variety of applications, including gears, automotive synchronizer rings.

C92600 (aka Ingot #215): leaded tin bronze cast alloy used in a variety of applications, including bearings and bushings, gears, piston rings, pump impellers, steam fittings, valve components.

C92700 (aka Ingot #206): leaded tin bronze cast alloy used in a variety of applications, including bearings and bushings, gears, piston rings, pump impellers, steam fittings, valve components.

C92900 (aka Ingot #206N): leaded tin bronze cast alloy used in a variety of applications, including cams, gears, wear plates and guides.

C93200 (aka Hard Brass, Bearing Bronze, 83-7-7-3, Ingot #315): high leaded tin bronze cast alloy used in a variety of applications, including general utility bearings and bushings, washers.

C93400 (aka Hard Brass, Ingot #310): high leaded tin bronze cast alloy used in a variety of applications, including bearings and bushings, washers.

C93600 (aka Hard Brass): high leaded tin bronze cast alloy used in a variety of applications, including bearings and bushings.

C93700 (aka Hard Brass, 80-10-10, Ingot #305): high leaded tin bronze cast alloy used in a variety of applications, including bearings for high speed and heavy pressures, corrosion and oxidation resistant applications, bridge parts, bearing plates, impellers, pumps.

C93800 (aka Hard Brass, Ingot #319): high leaded tin bronze cast alloy used in a variety of applications, including bearings for general service and moderate pressure, pump bodies and impellers.

C94300 (aka High Lead, 70-5-25, Ingot #322): high leaded tin bronze cast alloy used in a variety of applications, including high speed bearings for light loads, soft bushings.

C94500 (aka High Lead, 74-7-19, Ingot #321): high leaded tin bronze cast alloy used in a variety of applications, including high lead low speed bearings, locomotive wearing parts.

C94700: nickel tin bronze cast alloy used in a variety of applications, including bearings, circuit breaker parts, feeding mechanisms, gears, nozzles, piston cylinders, wear guides, valve components, shift forks.

C94800: nickel tin bronze cast alloy used in a variety of applications, including bearings, gear components, machinery parts, motion translation devices, structural castings.

C95200 (aka 9A, 88-3-9, Ingot #415A): aluminum bronze cast alloy comprised mainly of copper, iron, and aluminum, used in a variety of applications, including bearings and bushings, acid resisting pumps, gears, guides, pump rods, gun mounts and slides, plungers, valve seats.

C95300 (aka 9B, 89-1-10, Ingot #415B): aluminum bronze cast alloy comprised mainly of copper, iron, and aluminum, used in a variety of applications, including nuts, cams, gears, pickling hooks and baskets, steel mill slippers, welding jaws, marine equipment.

C95400 (aka 9C, 86-4-10, Ingot #415C): aluminum bronze cast alloy comprised mainly of copper, iron, and aluminum, used in a variety of applications, including bearings and bushings, spur gears, gears, pickling hooks and baskets, worms, valve components.

C95500 (aka 9D, Ingot #415D): nickel aluminum bronze cast alloy comprised mainly of copper, iron, aluminum, and nickel, used in a variety of applications, including bushings, corrosion and oxidation resistant applications, landing gear parts, agitators, gears, pickling hooks and baskets, worms, gun recoil mechanisms, valve guides and seats in aircraft engines.

C95600 (aka 9E, Ingot #415E): silicon aluminum bronze cast alloy comprised mainly of copper, iron, aluminum, and silicon, used in a variety of applications, including cable connectors, pole-line hardware, terminals, gears, worms, marine hardware, valve stems.

C95700 (aka 9F, Ingot #415F): nickel aluminum bronze cast alloy comprised mainly of copper, iron, aluminum, nickel, and manganese, used in a variety of applications, including stator clamp segments, safety tools, impellers, propellers, pump casings, welding rods, valves.

C95800 (aka 9G, Ingot #415G): nickel aluminum bronze cast alloy comprised mainly of copper, iron, aluminum, and nickel, used in a variety of applications, including propeller hubs, blades and other parts in contact with salt water.

C96200 (aka 90/10): cupro nickel cast alloy comprised mainly of copper, iron, and nickel, used in a variety of applications, including items used for sea water corrosion resistance.

C96400 (aka 70/30): cupro nickel cast alloy comprised mainly of copper, iron, and nickel, used in a variety of applications, including pump bodies, elbows used for sea water corrosion resistance, flanges, valves.

C97300 (aka GE Nickel Silver, Ingot #410): nickel silver cast alloy comprised mainly of copper, tin, lead, zinc, and nickel, used in a variety of applications, including ornamental castings, statuary, hardware fittings, vales and fittings.

C97400 (aka Nickel Silver, Ingot #411): nickel silver cast alloy comprised mainly of copper, tin, lead, zinc, and nickel, used in a variety of applications, including ornamental castings, hardware, fittings, valves.

C97600 (aka Nickel Silver, Ingot #412): nickel silver cast alloy comprised mainly of copper, tin, lead, zinc, and nickel, used in a variety of applications, including ornamental hardware, pumps, marine castings, sanitary fittings, valves.

C99500: white metal cast alloy comprised mainly of copper, zinc, iron, nickel, aluminum, and silicon, used in a variety of applications, including electrical parts, gears for mining equipment, propeller wheels, outboard marine components, valve stems. It is resistant to dezincification and dealuminification.

C99700: white metal cast alloy comprised mainly of copper, lead, zinc, nickel, aluminum, and manganese, used in a variety of applications.